How To Install mp3 playback and multimedia support in Ubuntu 10.04 (Lucid Lynx )
Ubuntu is a computer operating system based on the Debian GNU/Linux and is distributed as free and open source software with additional proprietary software available.
Ubuntu is composed of many software packages, of which the vast majority are distributed under a free software license. The main license used is the GNU General Public License which, along with the GNU Lesser General Public License, explicitly declares that users are free to run, copy, distribute, study, change, develop and improve the software.
Multimedia support like MP3, avi, 3gp , DVD Video Playback are not available in Ubuntu 10.04 LTS (Lucid Lynx) due to patent, copyright, or license restrictions.
To get mp3 and other multimedia support on your Ubuntu 10.04 LTS (Lucid Lynx) , use the following commands:
sudo wget -O /etc/apt/sources.list.d/medibuntu.list http://www.medibuntu.org/sources.list.d/$(lsb_release -cs).list sudo gpg --keyserver wwwkeys.eu.pgp.net --recv-keys 2EBC26B60C5A2783 sudo gpg --armor --export 2EBC26B60C5A2783 | sudo apt-key add - sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get --allow-unauthenticated install medibuntu-keyring sudo apt-get update
To install non-free codecs, enter:
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FreeBSD 8.1 Released
The FreeBSD Release Engineering Team is pleased to announce the availability of FreeBSD 8.1-RELEASE. This is the second release from the 8-STABLE branch which improves on the functionality of FreeBSD 8.0 and introduces some new features. Some of the highlights:
- zfsloader added
- zpool version of ZFS subsystem updated to version 14
- NFSv4 ACL support in UFS and ZFS; support added to cp(1), find(1), getfacl(1), mv(1), and setfacl(1) utilities
- UltraSPARC IV/IV+, SPARC64 V support
- SMP support in PowerPC G5
- BIND 9.6.2-P2
- sendmail updated to 8.14.4
- OpenSSH updated to 5.4p1
- GNOME 2.30.1, KDE 4.4.5
For a complete list of new features, please see the release notes.
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UNIX Tools: tcpdump – packet analysis tool
tcpdump is a common network packet analyzer that runs under the command line. It allows the user to intercept and display packets being transmitted or received over a network to which the computer is attached. tcpdump is mandatory for anyone desiring a thorough understanding of TCP/IP.
tcpdump works on most Unix-like operating systems: BSD, Linux, Mac OS X, Solaris, HP-UX and AIX among others. In those systems, tcpdump uses the libpcap library to capture packets. There is also a port of tcpdump for Windows called WinDump and it uses WinPcap, which is a port of libpcap to Windows.
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FreeBSD: How to Install Adobe Flash in FreeBSD 8
Adobe Flash is a multimedia platform used to add animation, video, and interactivity to Web pages. Flash is frequently used for advertisements and games. More recently, it has been positioned as a tool for "Rich Internet Applications" ("RIAs").
Adobe Flash plugin is not available for FreeBSD. However, a software wrapper for running the Linux version of the plugin exists. This wrapper also supports more plugins such as Adobe Acrobat plugin and RealPlayer.
In FreeBSD 8.X, install the www/nspluginwrapper port. This port requires emulators/linux_base-f10 which is a large port.
cd /usr/ports/www/nspluginwrapper make install clean
The next step is to install the www/linux-f10-flashplugin10 port.
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FreeBSD: Complete Virtualization using VirtualBox
VirtualBox is a virtualization software,originally created by German software company innotek GmbH, purchased by Sun Microsystems, and now developed by Oracle Corporation as part of its family of virtualization products. It is installed on an existing host operating system; within this application, additional guest operating systems, each known as a Guest OS, can be loaded and run, each with its own virtual environment.
In this article I'll show you how to install VirtualBox under FreeBSD.
VirtualBox is available as a FreeBSD port and may be installed using the following commands:
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FreeBSD: How To Create a Network Bridge
A device that connects two networks together into two separate network segments without having to create IP subnets and use a router to connect the segments together is called a "bridge".
To create a bridge use ifconfig command:
ifconfig bridge create
A bridge interface is created and is automatically assigned a randomly generated Ethernet address.
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UNIX Tools: vmstat – report virtual memory statistics
vmstat is a computer system monitor tool that collects and displays summary information about operating system memory, processes, interrupts, paging and block I/O information.
vmstat
vmstat sample output
vmstat usage:
vmstat [-V] [-n] [delay [count]]
-V prints version.
-n causes the headers not to be reprinted regularly.
-a print inactive/active page stats.
-d prints disk statistics
-D prints disk table
-p prints disk partition statistics
-s prints vm table
-m prints slabinfo
-S unit size
delay is the delay between updates in seconds.
unit size k:1000 K:1024 m:1000000 M:1048576 (default is K)
count is the number of updates.
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FreeBSD: System Monitoring with MRTG
The Multi Router Traffic Grapher, or just simply MRTG, is free software for monitoring and measuring the traffic load on network links. It allows the user to see traffic load on a network over time in graphical form.
1. Installing Apache2 HTTP Server
Install Apache on the server you wish to display MRTG stats from:
cd /usr/ports/www/apache22 make install clean
To run Apache2 at system startup, append the following line to /etc/rc.conf :
apache22_enable="YES"
Start Apache2, enter:
/usr/local/etc/rc.d/apache22 start
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Text Editors: vi commands and tips
vi is a family of screen-oriented text editors which share certain characteristics, such as methods of invocation from the operating system command interpreter, and characteristic user interface features. The portable subset of the behavior of vi programs, and the ex editor language supported within these programs, is described by the Single Unix Specification and POSIX.
vi operates in either insert mode (where typed text becomes part of the document) or normal mode (where keystrokes are interpreted as commands). Typing "i" while in normal mode switches the editor to insert mode. Typing "i" again at this point places an "i" in the document. From insert mode, pressing the escape key switches the editor back to normal mode.
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OpenBSD: How To Create a Transparent Bridge
A network bridge is a device which connects two parts of a network together. In this article I'll show you how to create a transparent bridge in OpenBSD.
To activate the bridge in OpenBSD run the following commands:
echo up > /etc/hostname.xl0 echo up > /etc/hostname.xl1 echo add xl0 add xl1 up > /etc/bridgename.bridge0
This will setup the two interfaces (xl0 and xl1) and add them into the bridge0.
Now, you need to enable IP forwarding so that IP packets will pass from one interface to another.
To enable ip forwarding add the following line to /etc/sysctl.conf:
net.inet.ip.forwarding=1
Once this is all done, reboot to activate.
reboot
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